Mba Syllabus Essay Example

Mba Syllabus Essay Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: * On completion of the syllabi, the student will understand the basic Principles of Management and their application in modern day business at different layers of organization so as to understand how to run an organization smoothly and efficiently. * An in-depth knowledge about working of an organization. * Student will also get sensitized about new and contemporary developments in the field of management. UNIT-I Introduction to Management: Definition, Process, Functions of Management. Evolution of Management thoughts – Contribution of F. W. Taylor, Henry Fayol, Elton Mayo, and Hawthorne studies. Planning: Planning Process, Types of Plans Organizination: Form of Organizination,Line, Lineamp; Staff amp; Functional Authority. Span of Control Business and its features. Type of Business and Forms of Business Organization. UNIT-II Staffing: Recruitment, Selection, Induction, Placement and Training. Power and Authority: Delegation of Authority, Centralization and Decentralization of Authority, Difference between Power and Authority Dynamics of Motivation: Contribution of Maslow and Herzberg to the theory of Motivation. Controlling: Types of control, Process, Requirement for Adequate control, Performance Appraisal :Need, Method of appraisal (Traditional and Modern ) Leadership and its Styles . UNIT-III Informal Groups and their relevance in the present economic scenario Corporate Social Responsibility: Issues and Concerns Relevance of Creativity ,Innovation and Jugad in the new Economic System. Cross Cultural management amp; Enterpenureship. Concept of inclusive Growth. RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS 1. Ghuman Karminder and K Aswathappa, Management Concepts, Practice and Cases, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2. Koontz, ODonnell, Weigh rich: Essentials of Management, Tata Mcgraw Hill , New Delhi. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Mba Syllabus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mba Syllabus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mba Syllabus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert Jr. : Management, Pearson education, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT 402: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: On completion of the syllabus this course on Managerial Economics will provide understanding of: * Fundamental concepts and theories of Economics and their application to the different functional areas of business management and business decision making for the sake of better output orientation and efficiency. * It will provide knowledge about the concepts of elasticity of demand, and economies of scale for business expansion. The knowledge about the demand projection and price behavior will help students to adopt a judicious forward business planning for the sake of stability and growth. Unit-I Traditional and Modern definitions of Managerial Economics based upon the concepts of scarcity and optimization. Application of economic concepts of the concepts of Cost, Opportunity Cost, Incremental Cost, Revenue and Profit. Fundamentals of Demand: Demand Function, Determinants, Law of Demand and its Exceptions, Change in Demand, Kinds of Demand and Network Externalities in Market Demand. Demand Forecasting, Elasticity of Demand, Price Elasticity of Demand, Degrees, Determinants, Measures, Income Elasticity of Demand, and Cross Elasticity of Demand. Consumer Behavior:: Theory of Utility, Concept of Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Law of Equi-Marginal Utility and Indifference Curve Analysis: Properties, Budget Line, Determination of Consumer Equilibrium, Explanation and Measurement of Price Effect, Income Effect and Substitution Effect. Unit-II Production Analysis: Production Frontier, Short run and Long run Production Function, Iso-quant Curves, Producer Equilibrium, Optimal Combination of Inputs and Economies of Scale. Theory of Cost and Revenue Analysis: Cost and Revenue Concepts: Long Run and Short Run Cost Curves, Traditional and Modern Theory of Cost: Relationship between Total Revenue, Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue. Market Structure: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly, Firms Goals: profit maximization, sale maximization, business expansion and good will promotion. Unit-III Macro Economics: Concept of National Income, its Methods of Measurement, and Circular Flow of Income.. Classical Theory and Keynesian Theory of Employment: A comparative analysis of Classical and Keynesian Theory of Employment with regard to their Assumptions, Characteristics. Keynesian Tools Consumption, Saving investment and Multiplier. Business Cycles Fiscal and Monetary Policies. Inflation: Concept, Causes and Theories of Inflation. Text Books 1. Ahuja, H. L. Macroeconomics, Theory and Policy, S. Chand amp; Co. , New Delhi. 2 Chopra, P. N. (2010). Managerial Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 3 Dwivedi, D. N. , Managerial Economics, Vikas Publications, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Peterson and Lewis, Managerial Economic, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 2. Salvatore, Dominick and Ravikesh Srivastava (2009). Managerial Economics: Principles and Worldwide Applications, pp. 1-13, Oxford Univ. Press, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT 403: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGERS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 2| 0| Learning Outcomes: On completion of the syllabus, the students will be able to: * Solve various mathematical problems based on Compound interest, depreciation, annuity etc. to be applied in business management. * Understand the concept of probability, permutation and combinations, which will be helpful to him in solving various business related problems. * Learn mathematical and statistical techniques that aid in the understanding of financial decisions involving interest, annuities, investments etc. Unit: I Role of Mathematics and Statistics in Business Decisions: Compound interest, depreciation and annuities, Arithmetic Progression amp; Geometric Progression Matrices and Determinant: Concepts of Matrices, Type, Adjoint and inverse of a Matrix: Concepts of Determinants, Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations of two and three variables using Matrix inverse Techniques and Cramer’s Rule, Business Applications. Unit: II Knowledge about various statistical techniques like, Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode Measures of Dispersion: Range Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, and Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variance. Skewness amp; Kurtosis: Concept and Measures Correlation Analysis: Rank Method amp; Karl Pearsons Coefficient of Correlation Regression Analysis: Simple, Partial amp; Multiple regression. Fitting of a Regression Line. Unit: III Permutation and Combination Theory of Probability Binomial Distribution, Poisson distribution and Normal distribution. Index Numbers, Time Series Analysis, Decision Tree will enable a students to have a glimpse of various statistical techniques to be used for the purpose of decision making and measurement of various variables. Text Books: 1. Gupta, Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand, New Delhi. 2. Levins amp; Krehbiel, Business Statistics, Pearson Berenson, Prentice Hall, India. 3. Levin amp; Rubin: Statistics for Management, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. 4. Sancheti amp; Kapoor, Business Mathematics, Sultan Chand, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT 404: ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGERS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 2| 0| Learning Outcomes: On completion of the syllabus, the student will possess: * Understanding of the basic Principles of Accounting, Accounting Standards, Reading and Analyzing Balance sheets and its application in modern day business * Knowledge of concepts those are helpful in financial decision making etc. * Knowledge about new and contemporary developments in Accounting. * Understanding of the application of accounting fundamentals to business organizations and various managerial processes in an organization. UNIT-I Concept of Book-Keeping and Accounting Fundamentals. GAAP and International Accounting Standards Financial Accounting: Fundamentals concepts and conventions, concept of Double Entry System Journal ` Ledger and Trial Balance Trading amp; Profit Loss Account Balance Sheet UNIT-II Financial Statement Analysis, Ratio analysis Funds Flow Analysis Cash Flow Analysis Management  Accounting. Cost Accounting: Cost Sheet UNIT-III Marginal Costing. Absorption Costing. Break Even Analysis and Margin of  Safety. Standard Cost and standard Costing System. Variance  Analysis with respect to Material Cost and labour cost Human Resource  Accounting. Responsibility Accounting and Responsibility Centers Text Books 1. Hanif and Mukherjee, Modern Accountancy, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. Maheshwari S. N. , Accounting for Management, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Tulsian, Financial Accounting, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. Reference Books:- 1. Horngren, Sundem, Introduction to Management, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi. . Kishor Ravi M, Cost accounting and financial management, Taxman Publishers, New Delhi. 3. Shukla, Grewal and S. C. Gupta, Advanced Accounts, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questi ons. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT 405: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND DYNAMICS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: * On completion of the syllabi, the student will understand the basic Principles of Management and their application in modern day business at different layers of organization so as to understand how to run an organization smoothly and efficiently. * An in-depth knowledge about working of an organization. * Student will also get sensitized about new and contemporary developments in the field of management. UNIT I Organizational Behaviour: Concept and Application, Challenges to Organisational Behaviour, Desciplines contributing to Organsational Behaviour. Individual Behaviour Personality, traits Learning and its theories Attitude and attitude formation Perception, Stereotyping, Hallo Effect Motivation: Theories amp; Application UNIT II Group Dynamics: Group Norms; Group Cohesiveness Stress: Types; Sources and Management of stress Leadership: Styles, Models, Theories of Leadership Power and Politics: Definition; Types of Powers; Sources; Characteristics; Effective use of Power Conflict Management: Constructive amp; Destructive conflict, Conflict Process Strategies for encouraging constructive conflict, Strategies for resolving destructive conflict. UNIT III Organisational Dynamics; Organisational design Organisational Effectiveness: Meaning, approaches Organisational Culture: Meaning, significance Organizational Climate: Implications on organizational behavior Organizational Change: Meaning; Causes of change; Resistance of change; Management of change RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS 1. Aswathappa K, Organisational Behaviour, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. 2. Luthans Fred, Organisational Behaviour, McGraw Hill Book Co, New Delhi. 3. Robbins P Stephen, Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT406: IT IN MANAGEMENT Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 0| 2| Learning Outcomes: This course will provide understanding of: * Applications of Information Technology in an organization and as a tool of managerial decision making. * Contemporary developments in IT field. * Computer fundamentals, introduction to computer network, Ms Office tools like MS Word, MS excel, MS PowerPoint amp; Introduction to Operating System, its types. UNIT-I IT Fundamentals: Software- Types of software, Applications of IT Uses of Internet Search fundamentals, search engines and meta search engines, Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Introduction to Networking, Overview of Network types: LAN, MAN, WAN, Network Topologies Overview of DBMS, RDBMS, Types of Database Structures. Introduction to: SAP, ERP, CRM, EDP, SCM Introduction  to  E-Business: Electronic Commerce Models, Value Chains in Electronic Commerce, E-Commerce in India. UNIT-II Application and Usage of MS-Word: Word Basics, Rand () function Working with fonts, Aligning text, Line spacing, Page Numbering Headers amp; Footers, Headers amp; Footers on even pages amp; odd pages Drop Cap, Page orientation, Page background, Bullets amp; Numbering, Printing Documents Drawing features Mail Merge Tables: Creating table, Adding rows amp; columns, Merging amp; splitting of cells, Using formulas in tables, Converting text to table amp; vice versa UNIT-III Ms-Excel: Excel basics, Worksheet vs. Workbook, Inserting and deleting worksheet, Rename worksheet, Auto fill, Wrap text, Merging Of cells, Using filters Sorting Data,Cell addressing, Using formulas, Paste special, Cell referencing, Working of If function, Printing worksheets, Inserting charts. Ms-PowerPoint: Basics, Different views of slide, apply design templates, Inserting header and footer, slide transition, adding animation, Inserting charts, Action Buttons. Text Book: 1. P. K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, BPB, New Delhi. 2. Ron Mansfield, MS-Office, Tech Publication, New Delhi. Reference Books: 1. Nidhi Dhawan, E-Commerce concepts and applications, International Book House Pvt. Ltd. , New Delhi. 2. Forouzan, Computer Networks, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT 407: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION FOR BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: On completion of the syllabi the student will: * Understand Basic Principles of communication – and its application in modern day business. * Be in position to communicate effectively in English language in written as well as oral form. * Develop Interpersonal and business communication skills to interact effectively in professional and social situations. UNIT I Basic forms of Communication; Grapevine communication ; Barriers to effective communication, Communication process. Cs for effective business communication. Business manners and etiquettes, Telephone Etiquettes, e-mails etiquettes, Effective listening skills. Networks and channels of Communication. UNIT II Written communication skills Good News Letter, Bad News Letter, Persuasive sales letters, Informative Letters, Inter-office memorandums, Paragraph Writing, Developing brochures. Drafting a CV, job application (Cover Letter) Tenses, Subject-Verb Agreement. Vocabulary: Similar sounding words with different meanings, business terminology. Short reports UNIT III Reading Comprehension Extempore speaking, Public Speaking. Group Discussion amp; Interviews. Planning and leading meetings, common obstacles in conducting meeting Negotiations Skills: Stages of negotiation process and negotiation strategies. Mass Media: Press releases and organizing Press conferences and Media interviews. References: 1. Chaturvedi; Mukesh Chaturvedi P. D. Chaturvedi,  (E. 2004) Business Communication: Concepts, Cases and Applications, Pearson, New Delhi. 2. Lesikar R. V. ; Petit J. D. , (January 19, 2010), Lesikars Business Communication, McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 12 edition, New Delhi. 3. Mary Ellen Guffey,  Dana Loewy,(2009), Essentials of Business Communication, Cengage Learning, New Delhi. 4. Sharma R. C amp; Krishna Mohan (2002), Business correspondence and Report Writing, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBA 2nd Semester CODES| SUBJECT TITLE| INTERNAL MARKS| EXTERNALMARKS| CREDITUNITS| Lecture| Tutorial| Practical| MBT 421| Business Environment| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBT 422| Financial Management| 40| 60| 4| 3| 2| 0| MBT 423| Marketing Fundamentals| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBT 424| Managing Human Resources| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBT 425| Research Methodology| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBT 426| Production and Operations Management| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBT 427| Corporate Legal Environment| 40| 60| 4| 4| 0| 0| MBP 428| *Comprehensive Viva-Voce| -| 100| 4| | | | MBT421: BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcome: On completion of the syllabi, the students should be in a position to understand: * The Business Environment with special reference to Indian Corporate World. * The influencing factors prevailing in Business Environment – and their effect on modern day business internally and externally. Various techniques to scan the Business Environment. UNIT-I Business Environment – Introduction, different Components and Techniques to scan Business Environment Economic Environment Different Economic Systems and Economic Policies (Industrial, Monetary, and Fiscal and Current Economic Policies) Political Environment Political Institutions i. e. Legislature, Executive and Jud iciary, Changing Role of Government in Business Environment amp; Impact UNIT-II Legal Environment Company regulatory legislations in India: FEMA, Competition Law, EXIM Policies Social Environment- Social Responsibility of Business, Consumer Protection Act 1986, The Environment Protection Act 1986 amp; its Impact UNIT-III Technological Environment Different Types and the Level of Technology, Impact of Technology on Business amp; Problems in Technology Transfer Global Environment Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), WTO- Its Role and Functions MNCs, International Institutions and Trading Blocs TEXT BOOKS 1. Aggarwal Raj amp; Saksena S . Business Environment, Excel Books, New Delhi. 2. Aswathappa, K. (2009). Essential of Business Environment, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, Hyderabad. 3. Cherunilam, F. (2011). Business Environment: Text and Cases, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai 4. Mishra and Puri (2008). Indian Economy – Its Development Experience, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, Bangalore. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT422: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 3| 2| 0| Learning Outcome: On completion of the syllabi the student will be able to: Effectively communicate results from financial analysis to other interested parties with limited backgrounds in finance. * There will be a clear understanding of different areas of Financial Management related to Financial Planning, Organizing and Controlling. * Have understanding important financial concepts and analytical tools used in the financial decision making process in an efficient and informative manner that facilit ates analyzing and interpreting financial research in an intuitive and economically meaningful fashion. Unit I Financial Management: An Overview Financial System: Assets, Markets, Intermediaries and Regulatory Framework Indian Financial System Capital Market and Money Market Concepts in Valuation: Time value of money, Present Values, IRR, Bond returns, Return from Stock Market Investments. Unit – II Working Capital Management, Receivables Management, Inventory Management, and Cash Management. EVA and MVA. Leverage Capital Assets Pricing Theory (CAPM) and Arbitrage Theory. Lease financing Unit – III Capital Structure Theories of Capital Structure Dividend Policy Corporate Restructuring Capital Budgeting Text Books: 1. Chandra, Prasanna â€Å"Financial Management†, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. James C Van Horne-Prentice-Hall,India, New Delhi. . Khan M. Y. amp; Jain P. K -Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 4. Pandey, I. M. â€Å"Financial Management†, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. Reference Books- 1. Kulkarni, P. V. â€Å"Financial Management†, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay. 2. Maheswari S. N. â€Å"Principles of Financial Management†, Sultan Chand amp; Sons, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be laced at number one. Candidate sha ll be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT423: MARKETING FUNDAMENTALS Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: On completion of the syllabus the student will: * Understand the basic Principles of Marketing and its application in current business scenario. * Become aware of Marketing Management Process, Research tools, Advertising fundamentals, etc. Have overview about new and contemporary developments in Marketing Management. UNIT-I Introduction: Marketing Concepts, Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management Process. Micro and Macro Marketing Environment. Ethics in Marketing Segmentation Targeting and Positioning: bases of market segmentation, target market and effective position the products. Consumer Behavior: demographic, geographic, lifestyle, geo-demographic and socioeconomic factors. Pro duct Life Cycle UNIT-II Marketing Mix: Components of Product and Services Marketing Mix marketing strategy/tactics. Product: Product Type, Product Line, Brand, brand building strategies, Packaging and Labeling. Pricing: objectives, methods, strategies, price bifurcation, and process Distribution channels: channels of distribution, types of Intermediaries Sales Force Management: Sales Planning, Forecasting, Sales Force Management. UNIT-III Promotion Mix: Advertising, Direct Marketing, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Integrated Market communications: Sales Promotion activities and methods used for communicating. Customer Relationship Management: * Customer Relationship Management * Viral Marketing * Network Marketing * Social Media Marketing Marketing in India: marketing practices prevalent in Rural and Urban India and positioning/promoting/distributing products. Text Books: 1. Chhabra, T N and Grover S K, Marketing Management, Dhanpat Rai amp; Co. New Delhi. 2. Kotler Philip, Marketing Management, Prentice-Hall, India 3. Ramaswamy, Namakumari, Marketing Management, Macmillan India Reference Books- 1. Keegan, Warren J, Sandra and Duncan, Marketing, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. 2. Kotler Philip and Keller Kevin Marketing Management, Pearson Education, India. 3. Saxena Rajan, Marketing Management, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT424: MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcome: The student will learn about: * Basic principles of Human Resource Management: How an organization acquires, rewards, motivates, uses, and generally manages its people effectively. * Practices and techniques for evaluating performance and performing the wide range of other people related duties of a manager in today’s increasingly complex workplace. Practical situations and problem solving regarding areas of employee counseling, discipline and termination. * The importance of maintaining fair and equitable compensation and benefit programs will be discussed. Unit-I Human Resource Management: Concept, Evolution and Challenges Brief Introduction to Strategic HRM. Personnel Policies. Job Analysis HR planning Recruitment and Selection Placement and Induction. Human resource development Unit-II Training and development Career planning, career development and Succession Planning. Job design amp; Job evaluation. Performance Appraisal Promotion; Transfers; Demotions. Compensation Administration, wages amp; salary administration Managing Employee benefits, Managing work conditions such as health amp; safety, Employee welfare, social security. Unit-III. Managing Employee Grievances: Meaning, Causes, Grievance handling procedure; Discipline (2hrs) Collective Bargaining, Workers Participation, and Employee Empowerment Trade Unions: Objectives, Functions Industrial Relations and Industrial disputes. Job stress, counseling; Quality of work life HRIS, HR Audit; Managing ethical issues in HRM; Implications for HRM amp; HRD; Contemporary issues in HRM; International HR practices; e-HR. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Aswathappa, K. , Human Resource Management, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 2. Dessler, G. , Human Resource Management, Prentice-Hall, Delhi. 3. Rao, V. S. P. , Human Resource Management: Text and cases, Excel Books, New Delhi. REFERENCE BOOKS: . 1. Decenzo A Davide amp; Robbins P Stephen, Personnel/Human Resource Management, Prentice-Hall, India 2. Ivancevich M John, Human Resource Management, TMH, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 3. Mamoria, C. B. , Personnel Management, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT425: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcomes: At the conclusion of the course students should be able to: 1) develop understanding of Statistics as applicable to Business Management and its use and relevance in areas of research (2) Develop the skills to identify the appropriate statistical techniques for the analysis of data (3) Learn how to collect, analyze, present and interpret research data with the help of statistical Software SPSS, SAS OR STATGRAPHICS (4) Use various sampling techniques, research designs, data collectio n procedures, and methods of analyzing data. (5) Interpretation and Decision Making with the help of Statistics. Unit I Introduction to Research: Definition, Objectives, Limitations, and Types. Research Process an overview: Research Designs: Exploratory, Descriptive and Experimental designs: Randomized Block Design, Latin Square Design and Factorial Design, Basic Principles of Research Design. Sampling Design: Sampling design Concepts, types of sampling: Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Sampling, Systematic and Cluster Sampling, Area Sampling, Judgment Sampling, Quota Sampling, Snowball Sampling and their applicability, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure. Unit II Tools amp; Techniques of Data Collection: Primary amp; Secondary. Classification amp; Tabulation of Data, Graphical Representation of Data. Designing of Questionnaire. Scales of Measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio. Types of Scales: Ranking and Rating Scales. Scaling Techniques: Likert, Thurston, Semantic Differential Scaling techniques and Scale Construction Techniques Unit III Hypothesis Testing: Hypothesis Formation, Significance level, One tailed Test and Two tailed test, degree of freedom and Errors in Hypothesis Testing. Parametric Test: t-Test, F-test, Z-test, Chi-Square Test Analysis of Variance: ANOVA – 1 way and ANOVA 2 way. Non-Parametric Tests: Sign Test, Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test, Wilcoxon- Mann-Whitney Test (U-Test), will help the student to choose most suitable test for analysis. RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS 1. Beri, G. C. Business Statistics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. , New Delhi, 2nd Edition. 2. Donald R. Cooper amp; Pamela S. Schindler, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. , New Delhi, 9th Edition. 3. Gupta S. C, (2010) â€Å"Fundamentals of Statistics†, , 6th Ed. HPH, Mumbai. 4. Gupta S. P, (2002) Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand amp; Sons, New Delhi. 5. Sharma, (2005), J. K. Business Statistics, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 3rd Reprint. NOTE FOR THE PAPER SETTER The syllabus has been divided into three units. Paper setter will set 3 questions from each unit and 1 compulsory question spread over the whole syllabus consisting of 5 short answer questions. Compulsory question will be placed at number one. Candidate shall be required to attempt 6 questions in all including compulsory question and selecting not more than 2 questions from each unit. All questions carry equal marks. MBT426: PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Maximum Marks: 100 External Marks: 60 Internal Marks: 40 Credit Units: 4 L| T| P| 4| 0| 0| Learning Outcome: The students will be able to have: * Knowledge and skills of Operations Management for improving organizational performance under Global environment. * Comprehension of the Manufacturing Resource Planning concept and how to apply Manufacturing Resource Planning techniques and principles. * An understanding of Industrial applications of Operations Management Principles. * Competency in application of various statistical and mathematical techniques in a

The Diurnal Cycle and How it Affects Daily Temperatures

The Diurnal Cycle and How it Affects Daily Temperatures All things in nature have a diurnal or daily pattern simply because they change throughout the course of a day. In meteorology, the term diurnal most often refers to the change of temperature from the daytime high to the nighttime low. Why Highs Dont Happen at High Noon The process of reaching a daily high (or low) temperature is a gradual one. It begins each morning when the Sun rises and its rays extend toward and strike the Earths surface. Solar radiation directly heats the ground, but because of lands high heat capacity (ability to store heat), the ground doesnt immediately warm. Just as a pot of cold water must first warm before coming to a boil, so must the land absorb a certain amount of heat before its temperature rises. As the grounds temperature warms, it heats a shallow layer of air directly above it by conduction. This thin layer of air, in turn, heats the column of cool air above it. Meanwhile, the Sun continues its trek across the sky. At high noon, when it reaches its peak height and is directly overhead, sunlight is at its most concentrated strength. However, because the ground and air must first store heat before radiating it to surrounding areas, maximum air temperature isnt yet reached. It actually lags this period of maximum solar heating by several hours! Only when the amount of incoming solar radiation equals the amount of outgoing radiation does the daily high temperature occur. The time of day this generally happens depends on a number of things (including geographic location and time of year) but is usually between the hours of 3-5 p.m. local time. After noon, the Sun begins its retreat across the sky. From now until sunset, the intensity of incoming solar radiation continually declines. When more heat energy is being lost to space than is incoming at the surface, a minimum temperature is reached. 30 F of (Temperature) Separation On any given day, the temperature swing from low and high temperature is roughly 20 to 30 F. A number of conditions can widen or lessen this range, such as: Day length. The greater (or shorter) the number of daylight hours, the more (or less) time the Earth is subject to heating. Length of daylight hours is determined by geographic location as well as season.Cloudiness. Clouds are good at both absorbing and giving off longwave radiation, and at reflecting shortwave radiation (sunlight). On cloudy days, the ground is shielded from incoming solar radiation because this energy is reflected back out into space. Less incoming heat means less and a decrease in diurnal temperature variation. On cloudy nights, diurnal range is also decreased, but for opposite reasons heat is trapped near the ground, which allows the days temperatures to remain constant rather than to cool.Elevation. Because mountain areas are located farther from the radiating heat source (the sun-heated surface), they are warmed less and also cool more rapidly after sunset than do valleys.Humidity. Water vapor is good at absorbing and giving off longwave radiation (energy tha ts released from the Earth) as well as absorbing in the near-infrared part of solar radiation, which reduces the amount of daytime energy reaching the surface. Because of this, daily highs are typically lower in humid environments than they are in dry environments. This is the primary reason why desert regions experience some of the most extreme day-to-night temperature fluctuations. Wind speed. Winds cause air at different levels of the atmosphere to mix. This mixing lessens the difference in temperature between warmer and cooler air, thus decreasing the diurnal temperature range. How to See the Diurnal Pulse In addition to feeling the diurnal cycle (which is done easily enough by enjoying a day outside), its also possible to visibly detect it. Watch a global infrared satellite loop closely. Do you notice the curtain of dark to light that rhythmically sweeps across the screen? Thats Earths diurnal pulse! Diurnal temperature isnt just essential to understanding how we meet our high and low air temperatures, its essential to the science of winemaking.

Response to classmates Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response to classmates - Coursework Example Ensuring employee retention is desirable as it reduces the costs of recruiting, hiring, and training employees (Janovsky, 2009). You, however, did not actually answer the question requiring explaining of the responsibilities of director personnel. I think you meant to say that the director personnel works to minimize turnover costs and ensure hiring of skilled and experienced workers in order to maintain the company’s competitive advantage. I also think that Otto needs to review the current appraisal process, implement a preferred process, and train employees about its use. I do not find any relevance in the first part of the question requiring department directors’ responsibilities. The second part is relevant as it proposes periodic reviews and notifications to employees prior to evaluations. Notifying employees about appraisals enables them to prepare lists of their attributes before the evaluation date (Clarke, 2011). Hiring the right people whose objectives rhyme with those of the organization is one of the best ways of curbing employee turnover (Xiaoyan & Erhua, 2013). I agree with you that other aspects such as proper training, competitive compensation package, and creating a conducive work environment are critical for employee retention. The factors that motivate employees are the primary requirements for encouraging employees to continue serving a company for a long time (Clarke, 2011). You argued that the rate of turnover can be reduced if employees are satisfied with the appraisal form. I think you wanted to emphasize on the both the content of the form and the process of appraisal; however, you concentrated on the process of appraisal that uses electronic form. The content of the appraisal form should cover several attributes to ensure that employees find at least where to fit in. The personnel manager should investigate whether all employees

Smoking among college students Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Smoking among college students - Research Paper Example It is important to know the actual motives behind smoking before taking any kind of preventive action. Most of the people start smoking during their teenage due to peer pressure or need for approval by their friends. Some youngsters also believe that smoking actually helps them keep in shape and have self-control, while others say it makes them look cool. According to the statistical data, the rate of smoking has increased by 30 % during 1993-1997 amongst the college students. Studies show that the measures which can be taken by the colleges authorities in order to reduce the level of smoking amongst the young students. Experts believe that taking preventive measures is better than abrupt prohibition from smoking which can cause the opposite effect on the students. The high rate of smoking among college students can be explained by aggressive advertising and promotional activities aimed to increase the size of the market. The glamorous ads casting handsome and beautiful models, actually tempts the youngsters to smoke. Tobacco industry focuses on sales promotion more than any other industry in the world. Companies spend a huge amount of investment to reach adolescents. Adolescents, of 18-24 years, become the main target market for the tobacco industry. The companies distribute free cigarettes outside the concerts and college clubs in order to attract more and more people towards their brands. The industry has also involved the youngster in the promotional activities. These kinds of aggressive promotion activities have drawn a huge number of younger lots to smoking. Promotional activities in bars and night clubs were started during 1980s. The level of tobacco consumption among students was indistinct, but the some field researches show that nearly every college student was involved in those promotional activities during 1990s. It has been predicted that the college students will become main consumers of tobacco in the next few years. The tobacco companies launch their promotional campaign mostly in the urban localities, trying to trap the young consumers through various advertising medium and techniques. Even the students who don't have enough exposure to the bars and night clubs can be influenced by the heavy advertising by different brands. For instance, Asian American students have become the main target for many promotional campaigns aiming to find new customers. University Health Centers can help to prevent and reduce smoking rate by educating the students about the diseases caused by smoking. Smoking should also be strictly prohibited within the college premises. Psychologists have deduced the various ways to control smoking habits within the younger students by providing different psychological treatments for quitting smoking. They have also worked upon finding the relation between smoking and media exposure of the individuals. Further in their research works psychologists have also tried to analyze the factors which can contribute to motivate or de-motivate individuals from smoking. The previous studies have classified smokers by their age, gender and race and have provided the statistical data accordingly. The main theme of the paper is to examine the relation which exists between smoking and factors such as the peer pressure, stress and depression. METHODOLOGY

Transport Security Administration (TSA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transport Security Administration (TSA) - Essay Example sm, the defense team could not afford to watch the devastating effects of such criminals taking destructive actions on innocent people and the American economy once again. The 2001 attack executed through hijacked aircrafts by the terrorists left over three thousand people dead, and thousands more with serious injuries, besides the destruction of billions of property in the crime event. The chain of events in the various states targeted such as New York, Pennsylvania and Washington DC, led to rethinking of the federal security. Working closely to the DHS, TSA was formed and has been controlling people’s movement into and out of the United States; more so, it has committed itself in strengthening the transport system and securing commerce activities for American’s safety for the last 13 years, and hopefully into the future (TSA, tsa.gov). Though it’s quite inclined on the aviation security, there has been increasing attention on the highways, subways and other ent ry and exit terminals used in transportation. Thesis: The appropriateness of the security measures and their effectiveness in ensuring security are debatable since the TSA began operation. Though the transportation system attacks and crimes have declined, issues of prejudice with respect to appearance, race, culture and other factors by TSA officers enforcing security at entry and exit points in the United States have been raised. This does not go unnoticed and would affect the United States movement to impact on tourism and its foreign relations. Since 2001, the USA federal government has invested heavily in security measures by the TSA, which has enabled oversight of security through its officers on the ground, their activities and supportive equipment, and the machinery they use. It is worth to appreciate the TSA operations for its adaptation to the rising security threats. While terrorists seek alternative ways to execute their operations, TSA has fastened its measures through deployed

Outline On Galileo Galilei

Outline On Galileo Galilei Thesis statement main argument The astronomer Galileo Galilei contributed to the field of astronomy majorly by observing the sky with a telescope he had built, observations which resulted in his discovery of many astronomical phenomena further proving that the Earth was not the center of the solar system. Statement of purpose (scope of the essay): Following a brief biography of Galileo Galilei, this paper will determine the state of the scientific knowledge prior to Galileos astronomical discoveries, explain what Galileos contribution to astronomy was, and discuss how his findings subsequently changed humanitys conception of the universe. Body Topic sentence of paragraph 1: Besides being known as a very influential astronomer, Galileo Galilei was also known for being an Italian scientist and philosopher. Birth date: February 15, 1564; Place of birth: Pisa, Italy. (Galileo Biography, 2013) Death date: January 8, 1642; Place of death: Arcetri, Italy. When he died, he was blind and very ill, and was under house arrest for heresy. (Galileo Biography, 2013) Galileo first started in a monastery school because he wanted to become a monk, but he eventually left the monastery and attended the University of Pisa to study medicine, like his father wished. However, he never completed his medicine degree and instead found an interest in mathematics and philosophy. (Bellis, 2013; Galileo Galilei, 2013) Galileo taught for three years at the University of Pisa, but transferred to the University of Padua when his three-year contract at Pisa ended. (Bellis, 2013) In 1609, Galileo heard rumours of a spyglass having been created by a Dutch spectacle-maker. Galilei decided to create his own spyglass, later renamed a telescope, and eventually made it more powerful than the Dutch spyglass. One night, he pointed his telescope towards the sky and his astronomical discoveries began then. (Bellis, 2013) Topic sentence of paragraph 2: Prior to Galileos astronomical contribution, the Catholic Church and the Bible were the principal sources of explanation for most of the phenomena that occurred on Earth and in space. In that time period, the geocentric model, suggested by Claudius Ptolemy at the beginning of the 2nd century A.D., argued that the Earth was in the center of the solar system and that the other planets and the Sun revolved around it. This model was widely accepted and encouraged by the Catholic Church. (Mochà ©, 2009; Redd, 2013) However, a more recent model had been brought forward by Nicholaus Copernicus, in 1543. This model was called the heliocentric model and declared that the Earth was not in the center of the solar system, but rather that this place was occupied by the Sun and that all the planets, including the Earth, rotated around the Sun. (Mochà ©, 2009; Redd, 2013) Galileo Galilei supported the Copernican theory (Galileo Biography, 2013), but this theory was considered against the teachings of the Church. As a result, Copernicus writings were banned by the Church. (Machamer, 2009; Mochà ©, 2009) Topic sentence for paragraph 3: Galileo Galilei made more than one contribution to the field of astronomy by observing the sky with his telescope, but his major discoveries were the first moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus. His two major discoveries provided proof that the heliocentric model, introduced by Copernicus, was truly the one that was representative of the solar system. (Mochà ©, 2009; Weisstein, 2007) The moons of Jupiter (*the names of those moons will be included in the final essay*) that Galileo observed rejected the geocentric models argument against the Copernican theory. This argument stated that if the Sun was the center of the solar system, Earth would lose its moon because it circulated around the Sun; Earth could only keep its moon if it was in the center. However, with the moons of Jupiter (later named the Galilean moons in honour of Galileo) rotating around Jupiter, the scientist community could only face the fact that a planet could keep moons, even though it was not in the center of the solar system. (Mochà ©, 2009; Galileo Biography, 2013) The phases of Venus further encouraged the heliocentric model. The phases of Venus indicated that Venus must circle the Sun for its phases to be visible from Earth, just like the phases of the moon were. In the geocentric model, Venus would show no phases and would always be a crescent shape because the Sun would not be in the center of its orbit. (Mochà ©, 2009; Galileo Biography, 2013) Topic sentence of paragraph 4: Although Galileos observations and discoveries were not first accepted by the religious community, evidence of Galileos findings started to circulate and the Church was eventually forced to admit that Galileo had been right. (Galileo Biography, 2013; Bellis, 2013) Galileo had already published multiple books (*the names and dates will be included in the final essay*) prior to being charged of heresy by the Church and placed under house arrest. (Galileo Biography, 2013; Bellis, 2013) While being under house arrest, Galileo continued to write and publish books (Galileo Biography, 2013; Bellis, 2013), although he was becoming blind from having stared too much at the Sun with his telescope for another of his astronomical discoveries. (Our solar system, 2011) In 1758, the Church was forced to face the truth and lifted the ban on most of the books that supported the Copernican theory and the heliocentric model. In 1835, it abandoned its opposition against this model completely. (Galileo Biography, 2013) In the 20th century, some popes acknowledged the revolutionary work done by Galileo. In 1992, Pope John Paul II publicly apologized and showed regret on how the case of Galileo had been delt with. (Galileo Biography, 2013; Bellis, 2013) Conclusion Restatement of thesis statement: Galileo Galilei significantly contributed to astronomy primarily by observing the sky with a telescope, which resulted in his discovery of many astronomical phenomena proving that the Earth was not the center of the solar system. Summary of main points: Prior to Galileos findings, the Church believed in the geocentric model, introduced by Claudius Ptolemy. However, Galileos discovery of the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus instead supported the heliocentric model, suggested by Nicolaus Copernicus. Galileos contribution took a long time to be recognized, but it allowed for a better understanding of the way the solar system functions. Other discoveries based on the astronomers contribution: Galileos use of a telescope to observe the sky also allowed him to observe the Suns dark patches known as sunspots, part of the star cloud of the Milky Way, the rings of Saturn that he identified as ears, and the Moons crater-covered surface. (Mochà ©, 2009) There is also recent evidence that Galileo may have discovered Neptune nearly two centuries before it was official found by satellites and modern telescopes. (Redd, 2013) APA References Bellis, M. (2013). Galileo Galilei. About.com Inventors. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventors/a/Galileo_Galilei.htm Famous Astronomers and Astrophysicists (2012). Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://cnr2.kent.edu/~manley/astronomers.html Galileo Biography. (2013). Biography.com. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://www.biography.com/people/galileo-9305220 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). (2013). BBC History. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/galilei_galileo.shtml Machamer, P. (2009). Galileo Galilei. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/galileo/ Mochà ©, D. L. (2009). Astronomy: A self-teaching guide (7th edition). [ebrary version]. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/champlaincollege/docDetail.action?docID=10342867 Our solar system: Galileos observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Venus and the Sun. (2011, February 10). Solar System Exploration NASA. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=2259 Redd, N. T. (2013). Galileo Galilei: Biography, inventions other facts. Space.com. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://www.space.com/15589-galileo-galilei.html Weisstein, E. W. (2007). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Scienceworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved April 13, 2013, from http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Galileo.html *** Most of these sources are preliminary sources (i.e.: websites). For the final essay, I will find books or other academic sources to replace them, particularly for Galileos biography.***

Developmental Psychology :: Psychology Psychological Essays

Developmental Psychology There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, 'Cognitive', the main theorist being, 'Piaget', (1896 - 1980), The, 'Psychosocial Theory', 'Erikson', (1902 - 1994), and, The 'Psychosexual', of, 'Freud', (1856 - 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987), claims that Cognitive Psychology is both one of the oldest and also one of the newest parts of Psychology, cited in ?T. Malim?, (1994). Information is collected through our senses i.e. vision, touch, smell etc and then processed through our brain. Cognitive Psychologists largely seek explanations of Cognitive development, memory, attention, artificial intelligence, perception and social cognition. The methods used are usually Laboratory experiments under controlled circumstances i.e. memory tests, and, Case studies. Piaget, (J), (1896-1980), carried out case studies on his own children to study the stages of cognitive development. Piaget concluded that the child was an organism which adapts to the environment, he also studied with the opinion that all children went through the same set stages of development and that there were no individual differences. Piagets? Stages of Development: - The Sensorimotor stage, (0-2): - Early in the sensorimotor stage the child is entirely egocentric, everything is an extension to the self, they can?t distinguish themselves from their environment. The child has no concept of past or future all it is aware of is the here and now. The child relies entirely on it?s senses i.e. sight, hearing, touch. It is believed by Cognitive Psychologists that ?.. ?To begin with, a baby will rely on in-built behaviours for sucking, crawling and watching? as cited in Moonie, N, (1995). A child does not understand that an object does not cease to exist when it is out of sight. However, in contradiction, Bower & Wishart, (1972), used infrared cameras to see what the child does when an object disappears. The child is shown a bottle in the light, when the child reaches to grasp the bottle the lights are turned out. Bower & Wishart recorded that the child continued to reach for the bottle for up to 1.5minutes after the lights are turned out. Another point m ade by Piaget is that not only does the child look for an object, which is hidden, but also the child will not look for it even if part of it is showing.

Futures contract

A formal treatment of this issue is provided by Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998), who allow the participation of informed traders in the option market to be decided endogenously in an equilibrium framework. In their model, informed investors choose to a â€Å"pooling quill? Trade in both the option and the stock market? In barium†? When the leverage implicit in options is large, when the liquidity in the stock market is low, or when the overall fraction of informed traders is high. Our main empirical result directly tests whether the stock and option market are in he pooling equilibrium of Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998).Using option trades that are initiated by buyers to open new positions, we form put-call ratios to examine the predictability of option trading for future stock price movements. We find predictability that is strong in both magnitude and statistical significance. For our 1990 through 2001 sample period, stocks with positive option signals (I. E. , tho se with lowest quintile put-call ratios) outperform those with negative option signals (I. E. , those with highest quintile put-call ratios) by over 40 basis points per day and 1% per eek on a risk-adjusted basis.When the stock returns are tracked for several weeks, the level of predictability gradually dies out, indicating that the information contained in the option volume eventually gets incorporated into the underlying stock prices. Although our main empirical result clearly documents that there is informed trading in the option market, it does not necessarily imply that there is any market inefficiency, because the option volume used in not our main test? Which is initiated by buyers to open new positions? Is publicly observable. Indeed, information-based models [e. , Glisten and Milord (1985); Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998)] imply that prices adjust at once to the public information contained in the trading process but may adjust slowly to the private information possess ed by informed traders. As a result, the predictability captured in our main test may well correspond to the process of stock prices gradually adjusting to the private component of information in option trading. Motivated by the differing theoretical predictions about the speed at which prices adjust to public versus private information, we explore the predictability of publicly errors nonpublic observable option volume. For Journal that 25, example, July 2002,the Wholesaler reported theChicagoBoardOptions was â€Å"unusual activity† options shares Whet, pharmaceuticals investigating trading in Madison, which tactical based increase trading volume earlier NJ, giant superintendence's month. Option occurred before release a government bathe study peptic days American Medical Association documented a heightened abreast risk heart cancer, coronary of the who disease, strokes, bloodspots women had benefiting Whitey's hormone-replacement drug years. Preemptor many 872 innovation De limitation Following previous empirical studies in this area [e. . , Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998); Chain, Chunk, and Font (2002)], we use the Lee and Ready (1991) algorithm to back out buyer-initiated put and call option volume from publicly observable trade and quote records from the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CUBE). We find that the resulting publicly observable option signals are able to predict stock returns for only the next one or two trade days. Moreover, the stock prices subsequently reverse which raises the question of whether the predictability from the public signal is a manifestation of rice pressure rather than informed trading.In a abbreviate analysis which includes both the public and the nonpublic signals, the nonpublic signal has the same pattern of information-based predict? Ability as when it is used alone, but there is no predictability at all from the public signal. This set of findings underscores the important distinction between public and nonpub lic signals and their respective roles in price discovery. Further, the weak predictability exhibited by the public signal suggests that the economic source of our main result is valuable private information in the option volume rather than an inefficiency across the stock and option market.Central to all information-based models is the roles of informed and uninformed traders. In particular, the concentration of informed traders is a key variable in such models with important implications for the innovativeness of trading volume. Using the PIN variable proposed by Easily, Kefir, and O'Hara (1997) and Easily, Heavier, and O'Hara (2002) as a measure of the prevalence of informed traders, we investigate how the predictability from option volume varies across underlying stocks with efferent concentrations of informed traders.We find a higher level of predictability from the option signals of stocks with a higher prevalence of informed traders. 2 Although the theoretical models define i nformed and uninformed trap? Deer strictly in terms of information sets, we can speculate outside of the models about who the informed and uninformed traders might be. Our data set is unique in that in addition to recording whether the initiator of volume is a buyer or a seller opening or closing a position, it also identifies the investor class of the initiator. We find that option signals from investors who trade through full-service brokerage houses discount brokerage houses.Given that the option volume from felicities brokerages includes that from hedge funds, this result is hardly surprising. It is interesting, however, that the option signals from firm proprietary traders contain no information at all about future stock price † Given stocks PIN smaller could driven the that be stocks, result higher artistically by fact there higher from stocks. Show that is notches. Len this signals smaller predictability option PIN result remains size. Intact controlling after particula r, 73 studies n 3 2006 movements.In the framework of the information-based models, this result suggests market primarily for hedging purposes. Finally, a unique feature of the MultiMate stock and option setting is the availability of securities with differing leverage. Black (1975) asserted that leverage is the key variable which determines whether informed investors choose to trade in the option market, and Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998) demonstrated that under a natural set of assumptions this is indeed the case. Motivated by these considerations, we investigate how the predictability documented n our main test varies across option con? Races with differing degrees of leverage. We find that option signals constructed from deep out-of-the-money (TOM) options, which are highly leveraged contracts, exhibit the greatest level of predictability, whereas the signals from contracts with low leverage provide very little, if any, predictability. 3 The rest of the article is organized as follows. In Section 1, we synthesize the existing theory literature and empirical findings and develop empirical specifications. We detail the data in Section 2, present the results in Section 3, and conclude in Section . 1.Option Volume and Stock Prices 1. 1 Theory The theoretical motivation for our study is provided by the voluminous literature that addresses the issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices. In this subsection, we review the theoretical literature with a focus on insights that are directly relevant for our empirical study. In particular, we concentrate on the linkage between information genre? Dated by the trading process and the information on the underlying asset value, the role of public versus private information, and the process of price adjustment. 4The issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices is central to all information-based models. Although specific modeling approaches differ, information gets incorporated into se curity prices as a result of the trading behavior of informed and uninformed traders. In the sequential trade model of Glisten and Milord (1985),

Why They Are Remembered essays

Why They Are Remembered essays The events of September 11th, 2001 shook the United States, as well as the rest of the world. Everyone will always remember where he or she was or what he or she was doing when they heard the news of the attacks. However, for the generations to come, they must turn to our accounts and recordings of the events to realize, as well as analyze, what happened. September 11th will go down in history as our countries darkest hour. It is necessary that these events are historicized, so that man may always learn from his mistakes, and be able to see, first hand, the devastation he is capable of. Being made a part of history is a complicated matter. Not everything about being historicized is good. There are some downsides to it. How the event is remembered in history is certainly capable of becoming a downside. Who is recording history? Is it recorded in an accurate and unbiased fashion? The real question is who decides what is accurate and unbiased. For the most part, September 11th will be documented and remembered, throughout the world, as a horrific act of terrorism in which thousands upon thousands of people lost their lives. In some places in the world, people will not agree with the previous view of the attacks, and may in fact, feel quiet the contrary. Some people are glad this happened to the United States. Some are overjoyed at the thought that America was knocked off its high horse. Now, herein lies the danger of being historicized. You do not want an event to be recorded in history in a way that instigates hate and vengeance in the future, after those responsible have been held accountable. Many Americans have compared the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, some sixty years ago. I can imagine how it must be for those of us who experienced and witnessed the attacks on Pearl Harbor first hand, and then seeing the events of S...

Telemedicine essays

Telemedicine essays Telemedicine is the use of electronic communication and information technologies to provide health care when distance separates the medical professional from the patient. It includes using equipment such as telephones, fax machines or computers and interactive multimedia. Telemedicine transports medical information through telecommunication links, PCs, imaging equipment and specialized audio and video for the treatment and diagnosis of patients. It has the ability to improve health care over far and distant locations and reduce expenses. Telecommunication has been around for hundreds of years. However the exact time and date of when telecommunication use began in health care is not known. In spite of this, when telephones were invented physicians were amongst the first to adopt them. Einthoven, as well, who was the developer of the electrocardiogram, transmitted heart tracings through telephone lines from a hospital to his laboratory. He stated that he could foresee a drop in a patients heartbeat before the patients physician was aware of what happened. Telephones have been around for many years in the medical community and are still in use because of its simplicity and availability. Radio communication is also been around for a while and is mostly used in ships and boats which are in remote areas, to transfer medical information back and forth. It is said that telemedicine can date back to the 1950s when a two-way, closed circuit, microwave television psychiatric consultation between Nebraska Psychiatric Institute and a state mental hospital. The physician evaluated many patients and did group therapy over a distance. Later in the 1960s, a project was done in Massachusetts General Hospital and emergency departments at the airports where an interactive television microwave link was created between the two. The network included an electro-cardiograph, stethoscope and voice transmission abil...

Lowe's Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lowe's Financial Analysis - Essay Example A horizontal analysis, according to Accounting Management allows the analysts to look at the factors that cause the changes in the operation. Accounting Coach describes vertical analysis as a method of examining accounts as a percentage of another item and will be shown as a common-size balance sheet. This kind of analysis permits me to compare Lowe’s balance sheet to another company. Thus, analysis of the balance sheet of Lowe Company is stated as a percentage of total asset. (See Annex 6) In the financial statement, vertical analysis of Lowe Company (See Annex 7) will be presented as a percentage of sales, and allows me to compare it with competition and industry average. 3. Calculation of at least five significant liquidity ratios for each of the five years analyzed. The five liquidity ratios used for analysis in Lowe are the current ratio, quick ratio, debt/equity ratio, accounts payable to sales and inventory turnover (See Annex 1 for calculations) 4 .Calculation of at least five significant profitability ratios for each of the five years analyzed. (See Annex 2) Ratios used are gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on sales, return on assets and return on equity. 6 Following guidelines of Accounting Management, long term debt paying ratios used in the study are debt coverage ratios, cash flow to current maturity of long term debt ratio and debt to equity, Ratio of fixed assets to shareholders funds and Proprietary of equity ratio (Accounting for Management) See Annex 4 Based on the Horizontal analysis of Lowe’s financial statement (see Annex 5) revenue in 2011 increased by $1,595million or by 0.03% as compared to sales & revenue in 2010. This change is accompanied by an increase in cost of sales which is equal to the 3% increase in 2011. In other years, from 2007 to 2009, sales are not enough to

Proof reading for (blogs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proof reading for (blogs) - Essay Example Watching this video excitement runs through the veins at first, though the same does not persist till the end. Though it is true that if people are celebrating a victory in war, perhaps they are somewhere forgetting some grave mistakes committed towards humanity. However, I think if people would watch this kind of videos, they would not support any kind of war and soldiers might even refuse to participate in a war. That might not be the best of solutions considering the fact that war is an evil necessity at times. The Shield of Achilles The Shield of Achilles written by W.H. Auden was a hard poem for me to understand. I went online to read and understand the story of Achilles before I started the poem. Achilles was a Greek hero who participated in the Trojan War. Achilles’ mother Thetis prayed to the Greek god Hephaestus to create an invincible armor for her son. Hephaestus made a shield for Achilles. In the first part of the poem Thetis was describing what she see for example War, peace, sun, moon, ocean, and dance. The shilled was referring to the new life. In the second part of the poem, Auden said â€Å"A plain without a features.† It refers to emptiness. ... Force According to Weil, there are three definitions of Force with diverse meaning. The first meaning of force is to kill. It comes from the part where it is said that â€Å"it is that x that turn anybody who is subjected to in into a thing† and â€Å" it makes a corpse† .The second definition of force is â€Å"that not kill just yet†. This kind of force has the ability to kill because of the word â€Å"yet†. Another interesting thing is â€Å"it turn a man to stone† which mean no feeling. Also, the word â€Å"stone† mean no thinking and refers to the fact that he or she would act without thinking. In page 167 it gave example where force can remove human feeling, where it refers to the story of Achilles when he killed Hector. The Third definition is who use Force is foul. There is no one who is as strong that he can control everything in the world. Even though Achilles was the greatest of worriers; he was scare of the forces because it was bi gger than him. The Homer’s Iliad is considered as a war poem because it talked about the Troy and Trojan War. Guernica The first time I looked to the painting, it was like a drawing made by a kid. After having the class dictation, I got the idea that Picasso did mean several things in this painting. There is a woman on the left side of the photo holding a baby, which refers on how war can kill kids and innocent people. There is a flower almost in the middle of the painting, which refer to the future or it may mean that life may come again. Picasso draws a light beam as a path to future. There is a man who has a large foot and trying to reach the light but he can’t, because it looks like his foot is pulling him away from the light. In the